三维立体显微镜在文件检验中的应用

目的通过应用先进的仪器设备,让我们从另一个角度观察文检痕迹特征,寻找到一个文件检验的新视角。方法利用三维立体显微镜,从微观的三维状态下分析文检的痕迹特征(上下位置)。结果能有效区别笔迹书写与印章的先后顺序;打印字迹和印章的先后顺序,同一支笔书写形成的交叉笔划的先后顺序;准确区别打印文书和复印文书等。结论借助三维立体显微镜,能使文件检验水平向前迈进一步。     

" 'These Boots Are Made for Walking' ": A Reply

Erik Craft's comment on our 2000 article takes up a minor point,the impact of no-fault divorce on the gender of the spouse filingfor divorce. In the original article, we related the genderof the filing to rent exploitation during marriage, rent appropriationthrough divorce, and particularly child custody. We tested thehypotheses we generated using a sample of more than 46,000 divorcedecrees from the only four states collecting all the informationwe needed. The type of divorce ground was only a control variable,and not a strong one. We argue that Craft's comment misses ouressential point.     

马克思、列宁的上层建筑观比较

马克思、列宁对上层建筑的论述颇有相同之处.他们前期都是在思想观念意义上使用上层建筑概念,后期则都是在政治结构意义上使用.要切实把握马克思、列宁有关上层建筑的论述,必须注意其话语的历史变化及其复杂性,并结合其理论活动背景进行考察.     

系统官僚与电子政务及其思考

系统官僚理论研究的主要内容是系统官僚的自由裁量权。随着我国电子政务的深入发展,系统官僚在我国公务员中所占的比例越来越大。系统官僚理论对控制我国系统官僚的自由裁量权具有一定的启发意义。     

合同成立之证明责任分配

在《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》删除合同成立举证规则的背景下,尚须解决的遗留问题是合同成立的证明责任应当如何分配。依证明责任基本规则,合同成立的证明责任呈现分层现象。在合同法律关系的证明责任分配体系中,合同成立的第一层证明责任为原告应证明合同成立要件,而被告应证明合同未生效与合同终止的原因。在要约和承诺法律关系的证明责任分配体系中,合同成立的第二层证明责任为原告应证明要约生效和承诺生效,而被告应证明要约撤回、要约失效和承诺撤回。合同成立的证明责任在不同法律关系层面被逐层划分,通过证明责任分层可以更合理地分配证明责任。由于证明责任基本规则可依不同视角加以解释,合同成立的证明责任分层亦有不同解释模式。但各种解释模式的实质标准相一致,均源于实体法的评价分层。我国证明责任理论和实务应致力于揭示各项民法制度的证明责任分层。     

Tell us how you Really Feel: Validating an Inmate Social Climate Survey

Correctional facilities have a discernible social climate, or collection of contextual properties that derive in part from the perceptions of inmates. These properties include the physical, organizational, social, and emotional characteristics of correctional institutions. Social climate directly influences the attitudes and behavior of inmates, their well-being, and prison management. The present study describes the results of an applied research project conducted in association with a government agency that audits Ohio’s prisons and youth facilities through site inspection visits and survey data. The agency’s questionnaires, as well as the procedures used to sample inmates and administer the instruments, were evaluated to determine the degree to which they accurately reflected the perceptions of inmates and the social climate of the correctional institutions. We identified several problems related to survey construction and administration. The results suggest that the surveys are at least to some degree not measuring several important dimensions of the correctional environment and the experiences of inmates as intended.

     

Assessing the Past and Promise of the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey for Public Management Research: A Research Synthesis

Since 2002, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management has used the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) to monitor efforts by federal executive agencies to manage human capital. Public management researchers have used FEVS data to produce dozens of peer‐reviewed publications on a range of topics of interest to policy makers, practitioners, and academics. Despite the proliferation of these empirical studies, the field of public management until now has lacked a critical assessment of the FEVS and of how researchers have used the data. In this article, the authors discuss the strengths of the FEVS and the opportunities this survey has created for public management researchers. Despite important contributions made to the literature using the data, there are weaknesses in the content, design, and implementation of the FEVS. The authors offer a set of recommendations for refining the survey and its implementation with the aim of improving the quality and value of the data. In doing so, they hope to foster a dialogue between public management researchers and the Office of Personnel Management on the future of the FEVS and to forge a stronger link between these two communities.     

Parliamentary Voting Procedures in Comparison

Increasingly, scholars of legislative politics propose comparative analyses of parliamentary voting behaviour across different countries and parliaments. Yet parliamentary voting procedures differ dramatically across parliamentary chambers and ignoring these differences may, in the extreme, lead to meaningless comparisons. This paper presents a first glimpse at a comprehensive data collection effort covering more than 250 parliamentary chambers in 176 countries. Focusing on European legislatures it assesses what explains the differences in the rules among chambers. It is found that incentives linked to MPs’ visibility contribute to explain the transparency of the adopted voting procedures.